Philosophy Quiz Questions
“Something creates everything except itself” can best be symbolized (Cxy: x creates y) as
Multiple Choice
• ($x)(y)Cxy.
• ($x)[(y)Cxy • ~Cxx].
• ($x)[~Cxx • (y)(~y = x ? Cxy)].
• ($x)(y)Cxy • ($x)~Cxx.
Which of the following is the best translation into symbols of the sentence “All fickle people are difficult to please”? (Fx: x is a fickle person, and Dx: x is a person difficult to please.)
Multiple Choice
• (x)(Fx • Dx)
• (x)(Fx ? Dx)
• (x)Fx ? Dx
• (x)(Fx ? Dx)
When using the finite universe method for a two-object universe (containing a and b), the statement (x)Fx would be translated as
Multiple Choice
• Fa ? Fb.
• Fa • Fb.
• Fa.
• Fb.
When using CP or RAA, UG may not be employed under which of the following conditions?
Multiple Choice
• The instantial constant occurs in the assumption.
• The instantial constant occurs in any line of the proof.
• The instantial constant occurs in the last line of the proof.
• The conclusion of the argument is a conditional.
The finite universe method involves
Multiple Choice
• describing a possible situation where the premises of an argument are true and the conclusion of the argument is true.
• describing a possible situation where the conclusion of the argument is true.
• describing a possible situation where the premises are false.
• describing a possible situation where the premises are true and the conclusion is false.

Which of the following is an instance of (x)[Lx ? ($y)(Ly ? Gyx)]?
Multiple Choice
• La ? ($y)(Ly ? Gyx)
• La ? ($y)(Ly ? Gyb)
• La ? ($y)(Ly ? Gya)
• Lx ? ($y)(Ly ? Gyz)
In logicese, (x)(Fx • Gx) says
Multiple Choice
• everything is both an F and a G.
• anything that is an F is a G.
• for any x, if x is an F then x is a G.
• all Fs are Gs.
The inference from a = b and Fa to Fb is permitted by
Multiple Choice
• symmetry.
• identity.
• transitivity.
• Leibniz’s law.

Which of the following cannot be validly inferred from Ba ? Bb?
Multiple Choice
• ($x)Bx ? Bb
• ($x)(Bx ? Bb)
• ~~(Ba ? Bb)
• ($y)(Ba ? By)

Which of the following may be validly inferred from ~($x)Fx?
Multiple Choice
• (x)~Fx
• ($x)~Fx
• ($x)Fx
• ~(x)~Fx
All of the following are well-formed formulas of predicate logic except
Multiple Choice
• (y)(Ay ? ($y)By)
• ((y)Ay ? ($y)By)
• (y)(x)(Ay ? Bx)
• Ay ? Bx
From (x)($y)(Fx ? Gxy) we may validly infer
Multiple Choice
• ($y)(Fa ? Gay).
• (x)(Fx ? Gxa).
• ($y)(Fy ? Gyy).
• ($y)(Fa ? Gxy).

In which of the following is the variable “x” free?
Multiple Choice
• ($x)Fx • Gy
• ($x)(y)(Gy ? Fx)
• (x)((Fx • Gx) ? Hx)
• Fx • (x)(Gx ? Hx)
Which of the following can be inferred from ~a = b by symmetry?
Multiple Choice
• ~b = a
• a = ~b
• b = ~a
• ~b = ~a

When using the finite universe method for a two-object universe (containing a and b), the statement ($x)Fx would be translated as
Multiple Choice
• Fa ? Fb.
• Fa • Fb.
• Fa.
• Fb.
The identity rule allows us to
Multiple Choice
• infer that if a property belongs to a thing then it belongs to whatever is identical to that thing.
• enter statements of self-identity as lines in a proof.
• replace one constant or variable with another that is identical with it.
• switch the constants or variables in an identity statement (e.g., from a = b to b = a).
Where Lxy: x loves y, “Everyone loves someone” is best symbolized as
Multiple Choice
• (x)(y)Lxy.
• ($x)(y)Lxy.
• ($x)(y)Lyx.
• (x)($y)Lxy.
Which of the following is the best symbolization of “Every number is either odd or even”? (Nx: x is a number; Ox: x is odd; Ex: x is even.)
Multiple Choice
• (x)(Nx ? (Ox • Ex))
• (x)(Nx ? (Ox • Ex))
• (x)(Nx ? (Ox ?Ex))
• (x)(Nx • (Ox ? Ex))

When using reductio ad absurdum to prove (x)Fx ? ($x)Gx, we begin by assuming
Multiple Choice
• ~(x)Fx ? ($x)Gx.
• (x)Fx.
• ~((x)Fx ? ($x)Gx).
• (x)Fx • ~($x)Gx.
Which of the following is the best symbolization of “Nothing is unnatural”? (Nx: x is natural.)
Multiple Choice
• ~($x)Nx
• (x)~Nx
• ~(x)~Nx
• ~($x)~Nx
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54.

COMPUTER Program
Create a Windows application that contains two textboxes and two buttons. The textboxes should be used to allow the user to input two positive numeric values. The buttons should be labeled Add and Multiply. Create event-handler methods that retrieve the values, preform the calculations, and display the results of the calculations on a label. The result label should be initially be set to be invisible with a font color of yellow. If invalid data is entered, change the font color to red on the result label and display a message “Value must be numeric and >0.” When the final answer is displayed, the font color should be yellow. Additional labels will be needed for the textboxes captions. Do not allow non-numeric characters to be entered. Invoke the TryParse() method to retrieve the values. All controls involved in program statements should be named. Right justify values in the textbox.
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